The effect of word frequency and neighbourhood density on tone merge
نویسندگان
چکیده
This paper studies the effect of word frequency and neighbourhood density on lexical tone merge in Dalian Mandarin. Monosyllabic words with two lexical falling tones (i.e. Tone1 and Tone 4) are produced by 60 native speakers from two different generations (middle-aged vs. young). The stimuli consist of three conditions: high neighbourhood density with high word frequency (HDHF), high neighbourhood density with low word frequency (HDLF) and low neighbourhood density with high word frequency (LDHF). Syllable duration as well as the F0 curve and F0’s velocity profile of tonal contours are quantitatively analysed through linear-mixed modelling and functional data analysis. Results show that Tone 1 and Tone 4 are near-merged in Dalian Mandarin. Word frequency and neighbourhood density show no effect on duration, but do affect the concave and convex of F0 curves and the slope of F0’s velocity profile, which suggests their role in the tone merge process.
منابع مشابه
Lexical Frequency and Neighbourhood Density effects on Vowel Production in Words and Nonwords
Lexical frequency and phonological neighbourhood density have been found to influence vowel production. This experiment investigated the effect of lexical frequency and phonological neighbourhood density on vowel space expansion in words and nonwords. Twenty speakers produced words varying in phonological neighbourhood density and word frequency and produced nonwords that varied in neighbourhoo...
متن کاملAge of acquisition persists as the main factor in picture naming when cumulative word frequency and frequency trajectory are controlled.
The aim of this study was to address the effect of objective age of acquisition (AoA) on picture-naming latencies when different measures of frequency (cumulative and adult word frequency) and frequency trajectory are taken into account. A total of 80 Spanish participants named a set of 178 pictures. Several multiple regression analyses assessed the influence of AoA, word frequency, frequency t...
متن کاملThe Neighbourhood Polynomial of some Nanostructures
The neighbourhood polynomial G , is generating function for the number of faces of each cardinality in the neighbourhood complex of a graph. In other word $N(G,x)=sum_{Uin N(G)} x^{|U|}$, where N(G) is neighbourhood complex of a graph, whose vertices are the vertices of the graph and faces are subsets of vertices that have a common neighbour. In this paper we compute this polynomial for some na...
متن کاملThe Effect of Lexical Frequency on Tone Production
Previous research has identified robust effects on segmental production of lexical factors like word frequency, predictability or neighborhood density. One question that remains unanswered is whether such lexical effects hold also at the suprasegmental level. This study investigates whether lexical factors such as usage frequency affect tone production in Cantonese. We recorded Cantonese monosy...
متن کاملThe Effect of Word Meaning on Speech DysFluency in Adults with Developmental Stuttering
Objectives: Stuttering is one of the most prevalent speech and language disorders. Symptomology of stuttering has been surveyed from different aspects such as biological, developmental, environmental, emotional, learning and linguistic. Previous researches in English-speaking people have suggested that some linguistic features such as word meanings may play a role in the frequency of speech non...
متن کامل